Geography
- centered around the Nile River
- provided water for drinking, irrigating, bathing, and transportation
- every July it floods
- every October it leaves behind rich soil
- delta is a broad, marshy triangular area of fertile silt
- managing the river required technological breakthrough in irrigation
Pyramids
- the Great Sphinx of Giza (built 2555-2532 BC)
-a recumbent lion with a human's head
-oldest monumental statue in the world
Daily Life
- slaves and servants
- farmers
- artisans
- merchants
- scribes
- soldiers
- government officials
- Pharaoh
- slaves/servants helped the wealthy w/ household and child raising duties
- farmers raised wheat, barley, lentils, onions (benefitted from the Nile)
- artisans would carve statues and reliefs showing military battles and scenes on the after life
- money/ barter system was used- merchants might accept bags of grain from payment- coinage came about
- scribes kept records, told stories, wrote poetry, described anatomy and medical treatments (wrote in hieroglyphs and hieratic)
- soldiers used wooden weapons w/ bronze tips and might ride chariots
- upper class "white kilt class" - priest, physicians, and engineers
Pharaohs
- the political and religious leaders of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'
- 'Lord of the Two Lands' means the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt
- owned all land. made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners
- Hatshepsut was a women who served as pharaoh
- Cleopatra VII also served as pharaoh, but much later (51-30 BC)
Gods and Goddesses
- over 2,000 gods and goddesses
- they "controlled" the lives of humans
Old Kingdom 2649-2152 BCE
Middle Kingdom 2040-1640 BCE
New Kingdom 1550-1070 BCE
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